Coastal Accounting & Tax Advisors

IRS Tax Forms

A plain-language guide to the federal forms and schedules we work with most. If you've received one and aren't sure what it means, this is a good place to start.

Looking for the form itself? Every current federal form, schedule, and instruction booklet is available free from the IRS at irs.gov/forms-instructions. We're happy to walk through any of them with you.

Schedule K-1 — Pass-Through Income

If you own part of a partnership, S corporation, trust, or estate, the entity doesn't pay the tax itself. It passes each owner's share through on a K-1, which you then report on your personal return.

Schedule K-1 (Form 1065)Partner's Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc.
Issued by partnerships and multi-member LLCs to each partner.
Schedule K-1 (Form 1120-S)Shareholder's Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc.
Issued by S corporations to each shareholder.
Schedule K-1 (Form 1041)Beneficiary's Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc.
Issued by estates and trusts to each beneficiary.
Schedules K-2 & K-3Items of International Tax Relevance
Companion schedules when a pass-through entity has foreign activity.

Individual Returns

The core forms for personal filing.

Form 1040U.S. Individual Income Tax Return
The standard personal income tax return.
Form 1040-SRU.S. Tax Return for Seniors
Same as the 1040, with larger type and a simpler layout.
Form 1040-NRU.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return
For nonresident aliens with U.S. income.
Form 1040-ESEstimated Tax for Individuals
Used to make quarterly estimated payments.
Form 1040-XAmended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return
Corrects a return you already filed.

Form 1040 Schedules

Attachments to the personal return, each covering a specific type of income or deduction.

Schedule AItemized Deductions
Mortgage interest, charitable giving, medical expenses, and more.
Schedule BInterest and Ordinary Dividends
Reports interest and dividend income.
Schedule CProfit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship)
How sole proprietors and single-member LLCs report business income.
Schedule DCapital Gains and Losses
Gains and losses from selling investments or property.
Schedule ESupplemental Income and Loss
Rental property, royalties, and income passed through on a K-1.
Schedule FProfit or Loss From Farming
Farm income and expenses.
Schedule HHousehold Employment Taxes
For those who employ nannies, caregivers, or household help.
Schedule SESelf-Employment Tax
Social Security and Medicare tax on self-employment earnings.
Schedules 1, 2 & 3Additional Income, Taxes, and Credits
Catch-all schedules for items that don't fit on the main 1040.

Business & Entity Returns

The return your business files depends on how it's structured.

Form 1065U.S. Return of Partnership Income
Filed by partnerships and multi-member LLCs.
Form 1120U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return
Filed by C corporations.
Form 1120-SU.S. Income Tax Return for an S Corporation
Filed by S corporations.
Form 1041U.S. Income Tax Return for Estates and Trusts
Filed by estates and trusts.
Form 990Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax
Filed by nonprofits and tax-exempt organizations.
Form 2553Election by a Small Business Corporation
Elects S corporation status.
Form 8832Entity Classification Election
Chooses how an LLC is taxed for federal purposes.
Form SS-4Application for Employer Identification Number
How a new business gets its EIN.

Payroll & Employment

Forms that come into play once you have employees or contractors.

Form W-2Wage and Tax Statement
Reports wages and withholding to each employee.
Form W-3Transmittal of Wage and Tax Statements
Summary form that accompanies W-2s to the SSA.
Form W-4Employee's Withholding Certificate
How an employee sets their withholding.
Form W-9Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification
Collected from contractors before you pay them.
Form 941Employer's Quarterly Federal Tax Return
Quarterly payroll tax reporting.
Form 940Employer's Annual Federal Unemployment (FUTA) Tax Return
Annual federal unemployment tax.
Form 944Employer's Annual Federal Tax Return
Annual alternative to Form 941 for very small employers.

Information Returns You May Receive

Forms sent to you by employers, banks, brokerages, and clients. Each one is also reported to the IRS.

Form 1099-NECNonemployee Compensation
Payments to independent contractors.
Form 1099-MISCMiscellaneous Information
Rent, royalties, prizes, and other payments.
Form 1099-INTInterest Income
Interest paid by banks and other institutions.
Form 1099-DIVDividends and Distributions
Dividends and capital gain distributions.
Form 1099-KPayment Card and Third Party Network Transactions
Payments through platforms and card processors.
Form 1099-RDistributions From Pensions, Annuities, Retirement Plans, IRAs, etc.
Retirement account distributions.
Form 1098Mortgage Interest Statement
Mortgage interest you paid during the year.
Form 1095-AHealth Insurance Marketplace Statement
Needed if you had Marketplace coverage.

Extensions

An extension moves your filing deadline. It does not move your payment deadline.

Form 4868Application for Automatic Extension of Time To File (Individuals)
Six more months to file a personal return.
Form 7004Application for Automatic Extension of Time To File Certain Business Returns
Extension for partnerships, corporations, trusts, and estates.
Form 8868Application for Extension of Time To File an Exempt Organization Return
Extension for nonprofits.

Common Attachments

Supporting forms that often accompany a business or investment return.

Form 4562Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciates equipment, vehicles, and other assets.
Form 8829Expenses for Business Use of Your Home
The home office deduction.
Form 8949Sales and Other Dispositions of Capital Assets
Detail behind Schedule D.
Form 4797Sales of Business Property
Gains and losses on business assets.

Resolution & Authorization

Forms used when resolving a balance or authorizing us to work with the IRS on your behalf.

Form 9465Installment Agreement Request
Requests a monthly payment plan.
Form 843Claim for Refund and Request for Abatement
Requests penalty relief or a refund.
Form 2848Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative
Authorizes us to represent you before the IRS.
Form 8821Tax Information Authorization
Allows us to receive your tax information without full representation.

Estate, Gift & Foreign Reporting

Less common, but important when they apply.

Form 706United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return
Filed for larger estates.
Form 709United States Gift (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return
Reports gifts above the annual exclusion.
FinCEN Form 114Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR)
Required for certain foreign account holders.
Form 8938Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets
Reports foreign financial assets above set thresholds.

A few notes

Only S corporations issue a K-1, not C corporations. A C corporation files Form 1120 and pays tax at the entity level, so there's nothing to pass through to shareholders. If you're expecting a K-1 from a corporation, it's a Form 1120-S you're looking for.

This list covers the common forms, not every form. The IRS maintains hundreds. If you've received something not listed here, send it over and we'll tell you what it is and whether it needs action.

Receiving a form doesn't always mean you owe something. Many are informational. What matters is that the figures match what goes on your return.

Not sure which forms apply to you?

Send us what you've received and we'll sort out what's needed.

Schedule a Consultation